ArcGIS for Desktop
ArcGIS for Desktop is a complete solution that fits the needs of any user. Different customers constitute a scalable set of products that allow users to create, import, edit, query, generate mapping, analyze, and publish geographic information.
ArcView
It is an application that provides an easy to use advanced visualization, data analysis and consultation, as well as the ability to create and edit geographic and alphanumeric data in a GDB or Personal File GDB.
ArcEditor
It covers all the functionality present in ArcView and also adds tools for multi-user editing of a corporate GDB and the ability to implement rule-based topology.
ArcInfo
Complements the functionality of ArcEditor, incorporating advanced geoprocessing, data conversion to other formats and projection systems, as well as all the functionality provided by the command environment of ArcInfo Workstation.
All ArcGIS for Desktop products share the same basic applications (ArcMap and ArcCatalog), user interface and development environment, so users can share their work with each other. You can share maps, data, symbols, layers, geoprocessing models (ModelBuilder), custom tools and interfaces, reports and metadata.
Extensions
ArcView, ArcEditor and ArcInfo share a set of extensions that significantly increase their functionality. These extensions, once integrated individually on client products of the ArcGIS architecture, give access to very specific functions, such as ArcScan, which has the necessary tools and commands for vectorization of raster information, or Spatial Analyst that is a set of tools for analysis and spatial modeling, allowing all kinds of analysis using raster information.
ArcMap
ArcMap is an application of ArcGIS for Desktop (ArcView, ArcEditor and ArcInfo) for creating maps. It is the central application for all tasks that have to do with maps, including cartography, map analysis, and editing.